40 Total expense for the period

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€ million

 

2016

 

2015

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of materials

 

 

 

 

Cost of raw materials, consumables and supplies, purchased merchandise and services

 

140,307

 

143,700

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel expenses

 

 

 

 

Wages and salaries

 

29,971

 

29,301

Social security, post-employment and other employee benefit costs

 

7,046

 

6,967

 

 

37,017

 

36,268